The Impact of Childhood Books

“The writer’s words on the page create structure, character, and voice—but there are gaps, the dark matter, the unknown, and the not written. It is the reader who fills this gap. …Writer and reader have joined together to make the writing whole.”  –Avi, Newbery acceptance speech

In this day and age, when organized pressure groups and politicians place such performative focus on “protecting” children from books, it got me thinking about my own reading life as a child. I was a voracious, flashlight-under-the-covers reader, and an avid-re-reader, since rereading old favorites felt like visiting old friends. Did I read some books that made me feel upset or uncomfortable, or give me false impressions of the world? Of course. Did I read books that transported me to immersive fantasy lands, or provided me comfort when I needed it most? Of course. Did I grow from both experiences? Of course.

But we all know that no reader has the same reaction to any book. Avi, quoted above, had it right in saying that the reader makes the book whole—the reader builds their own unique experience of each book they read. Books that upset me—Hunger Games gave me nightmares for a week—can be devoured by 5th and 6th graders with no such reaction. Every reader should be allowed to sew their own patchwork quilt of childhood reading, and if some patches are a bit grubby or ill-sewn, does that not reflect life? Who sews something perfectly the first time? The more you read, the better you become at creating your own reading life, and the more you engage with others’ experiences of their world(s), the more open you are to seeing the world around its corners.

Since summer is a good time for both reading and navel-gazing, below is a list of books I read as a child that stuck with me, for good or ill. I am aware that several of these books and series have dated or racist components, though I did not know that at the time. Please add your memorable childhood reads in the comments!

Betrayal

Beat the Turtle Drum by Constance C. Greene was the first book that I read in which an important character died. As a child, I felt really traumatized by that, and betrayed. It was the first time a book betrayed my trust, and it made me more wary of books from that point on. Looking back on it now, I try to find a positive side to this. It made me more selective and cautious in choosing books, and more aware of what I looked for in a book, certainly. I could say it was better for me to experience death in the pages of a book, but book characters felt so alive in my imagination that I can’t really claim that. Frankly, I’m still a bit mad about it!

Books about high school life and romance by Rosamond Du Jardin. My mother read these in high school and passed them on to me; they’re all about being a teenager in the 1950s, when they were written. After devouring them, I expected that when I got to high school, I’d have an active social life with lots of dates and boyfriends and dances and outings. Which…yeah, didn’t happen. The books might have offered an accurate (for certain values of “accurate” that didn’t include any people of color) portrayal of 1950s high school life, but not of the times that I attended high school. So while these were not a good choice to read in preparation for my high school years, they did give me insight into my mother’s experiences, and more awareness of the differences between eras.

No Flying in the House, by Betty Brock. In this book, a girl who is half-fairy must give up her magic to live with a real human family. This and many other books like it made me so sad as a child, because the main character had to give up what made them special and magical in order to belong. As I interpreted it, the price of belonging was conformity and loss of individualism. I think for me it was akin to having to give up childhood and all the things I loved as a child to be an adult—which we all know isn’t true! I don’t think this is a great message to give kids: black and white choice, no possibility of compromise, and hiding or giving up your true self to be loved. Other readers may argue that such books explore making choices and hard decisions, which of course is part of life. As a kid, though, this type of book just exacerbated my fears of growing up.

Upstanding

I’ve forgotten the title(s) of the specific book or books that led to the following incident, but I know that my feelings and determination came from books I had read. My paternal grandfather had both legs amputated because of poor circulation. When we were visiting him in Florida one time, and were out and about, a kid I didn’t know asked about his legs. I had read many books in which kids distanced themselves from anything they thought would bring judgement or mocking from other kids, and it always turned out to be a bad decision on their part; it showed a lack of courage and love. I decided I was not going to be that person, and I proudly claimed my grandfather and explained the amputations. Score a big one for books!

Worldview

The Little House series by Laura Ingalls Wilder made me aware of how different daily life was at different points in history. I used to go around my own modern world thinking, “What would Laura Ingalls think of this?” I think that marked my first awareness of the chronology of history, and that we lived at a different point in time than other people. Also, it made me aware that people in history were people, with thoughts and hopes and dreams and families, the same as me. It made history feel much more real to me.

When I was a child, we had a pile of paperback picture books that offered nonfiction descriptions of the lives of children around the world, with extensive black-and-white illustrations. Unfortunately, I was not able to track down the series title, but it was possibly published by Silver Burdett. That series helped me understand that not everybody lived the way we lived; that people in other places lived very different lives. I was fascinated by those alternative experiences of living, and it may be one reason why when I read, I look for rich world building.

Comfort

Are you There God? It’s me, Margaret, by Judy Blume. I owe so much to this book! Back in the day, I was always a kid who wanted to freeze time. I didn’t want things to change because I feared change, and feared what leaving childhood behind would both mean and entail. Thus, I was also really scared of getting my first period. Reading this book, in which the girls eagerly anticipated this event, lifted a huge weight off my shoulders. Thank you, Judy Blume! 

The Chronicles of Narnia by C.S. Lewis. I always loved fantasy books, and often read favorite series over and over. Narnia was one of them. I remember when I embarked on an eight hour solo bus trip to a summer camp in southern Oregon, my stomach was in knots about traveling so far on my own and being so distant from my family. What helped was telling myself I wasn’t actually going to camp, I was going to Narnia, because I planned to immerse myself in that familiar world during the long bus drive. I remember thinking, “To Narnia and the north!” and that offered me great comfort. As an anxious kid, a familiar book provided an escape, and that’s something that still works for me today.

Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of NIMH, by Robert C. O’Brien. I loved this book, even if I had zero idea how to pronounce “NIMH” (I called it “Nee-ma-ha”!). One time, when we were enduring an endless family road trip in the summer in a car with no AC and two rambunctious brothers, I retreated to the way-back with this book. I remember telling my mother that I hadn’t known that reading about someone else’s troubles could take you out of your own. Again, that still works for me today!

Autonomy

Billy and Blaze series by C.W. Anderson. I was a horse lover as a kid, so of course I adored these picture books with their gorgeous black and white illustrations by C.W. Anderson—I have some Anderson prints up on my wall even now. What I also loved about these books as a kid was that having a horse meant Billy could saddle up and ride off on his own. He could explore the world to his heart’s content and basically be independent. That seemed amazing to me as a kid, which surprises me now; when it came to me becoming independent, it was like pulling teeth!

Another book on this theme that I loved was the first Boxcar Children book by Gertrude Chandler Warner, in which the children had to live on their own in a boxcar. I also liked one of the Carolyn Haywood books about Eddie (Eddie and Gardenia). Spending time on a huge ranch in Texas, Eddie got to learn to drive, and could motor around the ranch on his own at about age eleven. That seemed amazing to me. My mother told us that her mother learned to drive at age nine, around the time cars were still a new thing, but that had certainly changed by the time I came around! And, true to form, I had to be bribed to learn to drive, sigh.

Idiosyncrasy

The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett may be responsible for my many dreams of houses. In the dreams, I’m exploring familiar houses with spaces that I knew were there, but had forgotten about. I’m pretty sure that all goes back to Mary Lennox exploring Mistlethwaite Manor’s hundred abandoned rooms.

The Little Silver House by Jennie D. Lindquist. Because I’m synesthetic, I’ve taken an interest in the books published over the last twenty or so years that feature synesthetic characters. Many of these books describe kids struggling with people who don’t understand what they’re talking about, or don’t think it’s a real thing, causing the kids to wonder if something is wrong with them. However, because of this book, I never felt odd or wrong because two of the characters also see color in letters. So even though I didn’t learn the word “synesthesia” until adulthood, I always had a model that my experience of this phenomenon was real, and even better, it was fun!

The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood, by Howard Pyle. I fell in love with this book so hard that I read it over and over and over. I loved it so much that my mother helped me make a Robin Hood costume that I frequently wore around the house—I was a cosplayer before the word existed! I wanted so much to belong to that world. I wanted to live in the beautiful forest (I’m one of those kids who found forests magical), and I wanted to be as strong and dashing and accomplished as Robin Hood and his men. I did not want to be Maid Marian! When I reflect on this now, I’m not sure if I learned the lesson that girls can’t have adventures, therefore it was better not to be one, or if I was leaning into some body dysmorphia. Perhaps both?

Grimms’/Andersen’s fairy tales. I loved these stories so much, but I also sometimes felt a little uneasy with how lost I could get in them—how “sticky” they felt in my brain, even long after I’d closed the book. I think that was my introduction to how much power books could hold over me. It was a gift, yes, but not always a comfortable one. It’s a necessary one, though, if you are to allow books to change you.

My life would be so much poorer without the patchwork quilt of books I’ve sewn into myself since the day I first encountered stories. I hope we never stop fighting for kids’ rights to sew their own experiences with books they choose for themselves.

Ways of Reading

As I followed the “reading culture” thread on the listserv last month and scrawled lists of related books I need to investigate, it got me thinking about all the ways I read nowadays. More specifically, I thought about how differently I read now than I did when I was a kid. When I was the age of my current students, reading meant a print book, or maybe an article in a print magazine or newspaper. Now, though?

  • In the morning and evening, as I get ready for work or bed, I listen to audiobooks. I also listen to audiobooks on long car trips. For short trips, I prefer podcasts, though often that means reading-adjacent storytelling podcasts like The Moth or StoryCorps.
  • Professional articles I mostly read on my computer, though my school does subscribe to print versions of SLJ and Hornbook, which makes for a nice break from staring at screens all the time!
  • In my father’s last years, I called him daily to read him articles from The New York Times, Smithsonian, or BBC Travel, all of which I read on my computer (though I do maintain a print subscription to Smithsonian).
  • I review books for SLJ and Kirkus, and these days, I read all those on my computer.
  • For travel, or for books I need to read as soon as possible, I have a Kindle, or the Kindle app on my phone.
  • Before I go to sleep, I catch up on Webtoons, and read fanfic recommended by my friends’ kids or my students.
  • And yes, I also still read print books and graphic novels!

I’m sure that most of your reading lives are equally diverse, and I can only imagine what my students’ reading lives include! So often I think our students don’t consider themselves readers because they don’t read print books except for class, but they may well devour (or write!) hundreds of thousands of words of fanfiction online, or listen to serial stories on podcasts, or read articles in areas of interest online, etc.

So how do we celebrate all kinds of reading as we build a reading culture at school? Chris Young mentioned a few things in their recent post on using Beanstack to foster a culture of reading, with Book Bingo that included articles and audiobooks. That’s a great start! Perhaps I could start the year with a board inviting kids to write down all the ways they read, and then work from there? Perhaps I’ll get amazing ideas from books about reading culture, as well. I don’t yet know how I’ll approach it, but I know I want to take into account all kinds of reading.

Tell me in the comments all the ways you and your students read!

Covers of all the books I read in the last twelve months, flanked by my favorite Webtoons.

Swimming in “Literary Water”

In August, a colleague with whom I’ve worked closely in the Middle School is moving up to the Upper School. I’m thrilled. It’s already been a model of how collaboration should work, from getting feedback on the design of the projects through sharing completed work, with mutual professional respect demonstrated consistently in between. We have been brainstorming books and poems and research for the coming year, and several weeks ago, he sent me this message:

Christina,

I have a random request.  I need help finding some literary water to swim in.

Lately, I’ve very much been into new music.  Each day I check out Pitchfork, Paste Magazine, Rolling Stone, etc.  I listen to those suggestions on Spotify, form my own connections and tastes, and discover other music as I go along.  What is the literary equivalent for you?

Are there Podcasts, blogs, websites, thinkers, that are having good literary conversations on which I might eavesdrop?  Any suggestions would be more than wonderful. Thanks!

(I’m halfway through They Say/I Say.  It’s great and can’t wait to use it.)

Immediate responses? Awesome ideas? Crickets? Here was my initial response, and after responding, I reached out to a few librarians for their thoughts as well. It’s a great question, and one I’m now honestly surprised I hadn’t been asked before now.

Great question! I’ve been thinking about it all day. The first thought I had upon reading this email is, “oh no, I don’t do that! I’m an imposter.” Then I started thinking that I used to do a lot more intentionally but patterns have seeped into my life as a librarian. Let me know if this answer makes sense. With songs, there are so many options. Each one is a 3-5 minute blip on your life and they can approach you as you are doing other things. With playlists created by Spotify after I select a song, much is just background. Seldom do I actually check the artist or title, hence the cliché, background music. Reading is much more engaging, and with novels, engaging for a much longer period of time. I need to choose materials with which I want to interact and with which I want to spend hours. I believe it was Cory Doctorow writing about writing and giving his books away for free. He m—get a sense into my brain—this is me pausing to see if I could actually find what he wrote and if what I remembered matched that—-and one search led to my answer. Or, this answer: “For me — for pretty much every writer — the big problem isn’t piracy, it’s obscurity (thanks to Tim O’Reilly for this great aphorism). Of all the people who failed to buy this book today, the majority did so because they never heard of it, not because someone gave them a free copy.”

I do read widely, but I don’t need to read as widely to be knowledgeable as you would to be truly knowledgeable in music. I read approximately 100 books per year. I likely listen to that many songs in a week. My book club, made of teacher readers, sometimes don’t finish the one book assigned within our monthly time limit. So while I think the categories are related, I don’t think that they are as similar as they seem on the surface. My biggest advice is to listen widely—to others, to reviews, to bestseller lists. What people are talking about is what gets read. Perhaps I’ve gotten more cynical as I’ve gotten older, but I think that being published only means you have been published. … The sellers are defining the market. With that in mind, I listen to what others are reading, and I’m lucky that my librarian listserv encourages librarians to have a tagline at the bottom of their email with what they are reading. I also look at the reviews each month in Library Media Connection and School Library Journal. I browse through the New York Times Book Review, and I check out what The Week and People magazine (surprise!) are recommending. I also peruse several library webpages for their recommendations and reading lists, and I keep a list on my phone of items that are recommended to me. It’s often quantity of references to a title or a personal recommendation from someone who knows my taste that moves a title to the top of the list. I do keep track of everything I read on Goodreads (you can find me there through my school email), which is a way that I can look for preferences in my own rating system.

Give thanks to the rain for giving me the time to write this before biking home…let me know if you want me to clarify my thoughts or if you want to continue the conversation.

So for the last month, each time I’ve picked up a book I’ve thought about why I’m reading it. It turns out I had more of an answer than I originally thought, but I’d be curious for others’ takes on the same question. Please share any suggestions below.

As to the three books I’ve most enjoyed this summer, I’d have to say Vampires in the Lemon Grove, Notice and Note, and It’s Trevor Noah. But in the words of my Reading Rainbow childhood, “You don’t have to take my word for it…”

Take a Reading Inventory

“Summer slump” is an oppressive-sounding term, describing loss of learning during the summer when reading can stagnate. How do you avoid the summer reading doldrums and learning loss? A recent Harvard study stresses the importance of teachers personalizing the reading experience for students, shaping “lessons and activities” to support the reading experience. One way that our school is personalizing reading is through the Teacher Favorites program. Teachers sponsor books, allowing a wide variety of choice for students, and each book has a plus factor, suggested videos, websites, and art/writing activities that can enhance the experience of reading the book. (A big nod to McCallie School which shared their plus factor reading program through our AISL listserv.)

Whether students and teachers are blogging “what if” scenarios about a Harry Potter book or visiting online Holocaust museums as they read The Diary of a Young Girl, student engagement in the activities can enhance the reading of the book and enliven the small group book discussion with teachers and students in August.

Families can also build excitement for summer reading by placing an importance on reading habits in their home. This suggested Reading Inventory provides ideas to start conversations about the enjoyment of reading and how books can be an important part of the summer routine. Below is a checklist to jumpstart how families can infuse a reading climate in the home and include the reading habit alongside the demands of summer activities.

Step One: Make a Shelfie.
What were the books that ignited you as a young reader? Arrange those books for a “Shelfie” photo and share with your child the meaning books had for you. If you no longer have the books, capture screenshots of book covers or use GoogleSlides to arrange your Shelfie stack. Interesting conversations about books can arise as you share the types of books you loved to read and how your reading grew or changed. Modeling your love of reading and your reading habits is a powerful message to children.

Fairy Tales (upper left to right): Andrew Lang’s Fairy Tales, Brothers Grimm Folk and Fairy Tales edited by Jack Zipes, Andersen’s Fairy Tales (copyright 1945), and Grimm’s Fairy Tales (copyright 1928).

Step Two: Create Book Reading Corners.
Where are the prime locations for Book Reading Corners in your home? Do you have a basket of books by a favorite reading chair, bedside table, and even magazines or books in the bathroom? All of these are prime locations to make reading opportunities readily available and enjoyable, and these reading corners are a visible reminder of the value your family places on reading. Encourage your child to personalize and develop their own favorite reading corner.

Step Three: Read Poetry, Aloud.
My mother loved to share a large volume of children’s poetry, and she dramatized, sang, and engaged us in choral reading of the poems. She even (gasp!) invited us to write our initials next to our favorite poems and color in the line drawing illustrations. This poetry book became a living, breathing reflection of our time shared in enjoying poetry. Discover your own poetry anthology such as those by poets Shel Silverstein, Jack Prelutsky, J. Patrick Lewis, Paul Fleischman, Lee Bennett Hopkins, Margarita Engle, Naomi Shihab Nye, Jacqueline Woodson, and Nikki Grimes. Poetry anthologies are also themed to experiencing art (Hopkin’s Make the World New: New Poems Inspired by Art from the Metropolitan Museum) and even objects (The Death of the Hat: A Brief History of Poetry in 50 Objects, selected by Paul B. Janeczko).

And, poetry is not just for young children. Poetry connects to tweens and teens in dynamic ways that reflect their own voices and concerns. Poetry can transport the reader through a historic moment (such as the sinking of the Titanic in The Watch that Ends the Night) and personal crisis (such as Jason Reynold’s Long Way Down), or celebrate heroes (such as Margarita Engle’s Bravo! Poems About Amazing Hispanics) and feature voices of hope (such as Naomi Shihab Nye’s Voices in the Air: Poems for Listeners). Encourage your tween or teen to perform a Poetry Slam of a favorite poem. Poems spoken aloud allow us to savor the sounds and rhythms of words and connect powerfully to emotions.

Step Four. Read Aloud.
Reading aloud creates moments of bonding with your child as you share the mutual love of a book. Dive in and do the voices, and invite the child to chime in on favorite lines or read a page in the story. You can read aloud a chapter book that is above the reading level of your child, thereby building vocabulary and encouraging empathetic listening. Many children’s books have cliff-hanger chapters and cause children to beg for the next chapter to be read. For an extensive list of read-aloud books for all ages and genres, see Jim Trelease’s The Read-Aloud Handbook. Jim Trelease stresses that reading aloud not only increases I.Q., but also H.Q.(the heart quotient). Award-winning children’s books from ALA and books for young adults from YALSA are another way to select excellent writing from diverse voices.

Step Five: Books on the Road.
Summers are busy with family road trips and commutes to activities such as swimming lessons and ball games–perfect opportunities for stretches of time to enjoy books. Encourage your child to pack favorite books in the car (I always traveled with collections of fairy tales) or take advantage of wonderful audio performances of books to enjoy as a family. Many public libraries have audiobook collections, and our own school library is showcasing new audiobooks through Overdrive this summer. For quick free browsing and sampling, you can search a book title in Amazon Audible and listen to a few minutes of a book. Listening to audiobooks can be a delightful way to fill long car commutes, and children can read along to reinforce the experience of the book.

Illustrated books, nonfiction informational books, and short story collections travel well because these books invite browsing, lingering over illustrations and short text boxes, and short chapter reading. Author Melissa Stewart’s Celebrate Science website has wonderful recommendations for informational books and activities. Graphic novels, magazines, and comics can also be good choices for books on the road. Classic Comics were my first exposure to the “classics,” and new graphic novels adaptations include Anne Frank’s Diary, the Graphic Adaptation, The Giver, Manga Classics, and Shakespeare, Poe, and The Odyssey adaptations by graphic artist Gareth Hinds, not to mention the hilarious Hazardous Tales history series by Nathan Hale.

This five-step Reading Inventory may help families re-evaluate the importance of reading and reading habits in the home. See also the National Education Association, which features research on preventing the “summer slump” and provides tips to encourage reading. Spark enthusiasm with families for reading this summer!

A eulogy for our local newspaper

Last fall, I read Cecily Ross’ The lost diaries of Susanna Moodie, a fictionalized journal based on the life of a woman who emigrated to from England to the backwoods of Canada in 1830s.

If that hasn’t put you to sleep, know that I am fascinated by Moodie (and her sister Catharine Parr Traill) for a number of reasons, the greatest of which is that they settled in the area I call home. I often walk by the Cobourg wharf where their ship landed, have made the 10-minute drive into the country to see the historic plaque posted where Moodie first lived, and read the daily paper in which she published her poetry.

But no more – our local paper, published since 1831, has been shuttered. Sad but not surprising; many of the people indignant about the cut hadn’t shown their support with subscription dollars, and advertising revenue has understandably declined along with readership.

What will I miss about having the local paper in our library?

  • Reading coverage of school events (and having someone to ask to cover an event)
  • Learning about students’ & colleagues’ non-school activities in the community
  • Keeping up with obituaries of those who’ve passed in our small town
  • Watching someone complete the crossword or Suduko
  • Having a plethora of newsprint for art teachers in need (she says with partial sarcasm)

I am no Luddite, but felt it important to mark the end of this chapter. I’m curious to see what fate lies ahead for our national papers – one has recently changed formats, and I’ve been surprised to see it being read more frequently in our casual seating area. Coincidence? Temporary halt of the inevitable?

 

Reading Statistics

In fall 2014, several AISL librarians shared lists of their libraries’ top-circulated books. The lists were particularly interesting because while the titles were indicative of the types of collections curated by the AISL librarians, the lists included a number of common titles. So when Renaissance Learning released the 2015 edition of its What are Kids Reading and Why it Matters report, I eagerly got to work to see how those lists compared to the reading tastes and habits reflected by the independent schools’ circulation lists. I should note that our school does not use the Accelerated Reader program, but the Renaissance Learning (RL) report was mentioned by several media outlets, and I felt it was worth reading. I believe it is vital for librarians to cast a wide net when seeking new influences and benchmarking performance.

The data source for the RL report is the Accelerated Reader database, which includes book reading records for more than 9.8 million students in grades 1-12. The Accelerated Reader program is used in 31,363 schools nationwide, the students in which read approximately 330 million books during the 2013-2014 school year. The lists of books published in the report represent the most popular selections delineated by grade and gender. Below are a few items that may be of interest from the report.

  • Students in grades 2 and 3 read the most books, and students in grades 11 and 12 read the fewest
  • On average, girls read 3.8 million words by grade 12, whereas boys read 3.0 million words by the same grade
  • The average number of words read by a student in each school year peaks around grade 6 at 436,000 words and then decreases to the low 300,000’s by the end of high school.

The report repeatedly emphasizes a connection between academic achievement and independent reading practice. Supplemented throughout with essays by prominent children’s authors such as Phyllis Reynolds Naylor and Andrew Clements, the report provides excellent discussion of why robust collections and their use matter to our students. Moreover, the rationale for reading and its multilayered benefits for students could be used to encourage faculty members to assign more independent reading.

The study states that the students who set reading goals for themselves through the Accelerated Reader database read more difficult books and read for more time on a daily basis than their peers who did not set goals. How might this outcome of goal setting help us to redefine projects so that our students may push themselves in their own achievement?

An entry in the report that especially resonated with me was written by Dr. Christine King Farris, author of My Brother Martin: A Sister Remembers Growing Up With the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr. Farris describes reading as the gateway to “emotional and intellectual expansion” while growing up in a segregated society. Dr. Farris provides anecdotal evidence that reading empowered and motivated her and her brother. She notes that Dr. King learned about Mahatma Gandhi and his unwavering devotion to the practice of nonviolence through books. Perhaps the greatest example of the influence of reading on Dr. Farris and her brother Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. is that, understanding the positive power for change that books hold, they both eventually became authors!

At root, the What Kids are Reading report provides a framework for comparison of reading programs in our own schools. It also provides a basis for comparison of overall reading habits. Do you observe a peak in the amount students read in sixth grade or is reading truly sustained throughout high school? If you work in a co-ed environment, do you note differences in the amount read by boys and girls?  In my own library, the second and third grade students, as the report would predict, are circulating the most books. My challenge now is not to sit back and corroborate the data, but to help promote reading in the other grades to match that of my most voracious readers!